السياسات الانتخابية والنوع الاجتماعي - دراسة مقارنة بين الجزائر وتونس

Abstract

This study aims to try to understand the degree of integration of the gender approach in electoral policies, as the most important modern international mechanisms aimed at reducing the electoral gap between the sexes, by diagnosing the obstacles encountered in the process of gendering electoral policies. By analyzing the reality of gender competition in the legislative elections in Algeria and Tunisia، it turned out that there is a large gender gap in the membership of the National People's councils, and this justifies the efforts of the national actors supporting the adoption of the fast track in both countries, which was behind the implementation of the women's quota system in elections following some successful international experiences in this field, and the transition to the equitable system despite its failure to achieve gender equality. Therefore, this study mainly aims to clarify the relationship between electoral policies and gender through the application of the women's quota system and the system of parity in the legislative elections in both countries, even if there is a time disparity, by assessing the quantitative and qualitative impact of this mechanism on political representation from a gender perspective in the National People's councils, and highlighting the legal and institutional framework supporting it beginning with the acceptance stage and moving to the recruitment stage to the selection stage. The nature of the topic requires the collection of research information and data, their classification, description and analysis; using several methods, approaches and scientific tools have led us to the conclusion that the application of the women's quota system in the elections of the National People's councils has a positive impact on the quantitative ratios of political representation of gender in both countries, albeit unevenly, and this is compared with the results of legislative elections in which the women's quota system was not applied, and in which the quota system was applied. However, the increase in the percentage of political representation of gender in the legislative councils in Algeria and Tunisia has not been matched by a development in the effectiveness of the representative performance of women and men, and this is due to the lack of social and economic empowerment of gender in general and women in particular.