Résumé:
In recent years, the energy sector has witnessed a major shift towards adopting
renewable energy sources as a clean and sustainable alternative to conventional energy
sources. In this context, microgrid systems have emerged as a promising solution for
electricity generation and distribution, particularly in remote and isolated areas, due to their
independence and operational flexibility. However, despite their numerous advantages,
these systems face technical challenges, most notably frequency fluctuations resulting from
load fluctuations and the instability of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar.
This leads to deteriorating power quality and threatens grid stability. Based on this
problem, this work aims to enhance frequency stability and reduce frequency fluctuations in
a microgrid system operating under challenging operating conditions, such as sudden load
changes or reduced renewable energy production. To achieve this, a PID controller is
proposed due to its simplicity and effectiveness, with its parameters adjusted using the Ant
Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm.
After building a model of the microgrid system and simulating its behavior using
MATLAB/SIMULINK, the simulation results showed that the PID controller tuned with
the ACO algorithm achieved excellent performance in reducing frequency fluctuations and
improving the dynamic stability of the grid.
